Internal-combustion engine.



J. J. MGINTYRE. INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 12, 1910.

Patented Apr. 9, 1912.

[lll/lill,

lllllllllllllllll NNLN Wz'n e .sse s [72 venian JOHN J. MCINTY'RE, or HAnTEoRD, CONNECTICUT. i

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apre, 1912.

Application filed April 12, 1910. v Serial No. 555,046;

To all 'whom z'tmag/ concern.

Be it known that I, JOHN J. MCINTYRE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This in vention relates to internal combustion engines of the two-cycle type, having an auxiliary piston arranged to cause the spent gases to be forced from the workingy cylinder, and to pum live explosive mixture into the working cylinder after it has been scavenged.

The object of the invention is to provide a very simple construction with the ports and the pump piston so arranged with relation to the working piston, that the pump piston acts with the working piston to compress air in the crank case, and after the air is under sufficient pressure, allow that air to iiow into the working cylinder as the working piston, reaches the lower end of its stroke and the exhaust port is opened, thereby scavenging the working cylinder `with' comv pressed freshair. The pump piston which acts as a valve to admit and cut oil" the supply of scavenging air, and also to admit and cut off the supply of explosive mixture, then forces the chargeA of explosive mixture into the working cylinder which has been cleared. Separate ports are provided for the admission to the pump cylinder of explosive mixture and scavenging air, and there are separate passages 'from'the pump cylinder, on opposite'sldes of the pump piston, to the working cylinder. As a result of this arrangement, all spent gases are driven by fresh air from the working cylinder and the cylinder cooled andcleaned of any incandescent carbon which might remain therein and cause/premature explosion, before a charge of fresh mixture is forced therein, which charge will always be thesa'me and of maximum quantity. Furthermore, as the pump piston does not force fresh mixture into thewvorking cylinder until after thatv cylinder has been scavenged, and the work- 'ing piston started on its upward movement,

none of the fresh charge is lost'through the exhaust, and the engine .cannot accidentallykick back and reverse.

Figure lof the accompanying drawings 'shows a sectional elevation of a two-cycle internal combustion engine which embodies IDBIISIODS.

the invention, with the working piston in its lowest position and just ready to rise, and the pump piston started to rise. When the pistons are in these positions, the exhaust port is fully open, and the air'passage from the pump cylinder is opened so as to permit air which has been compressed in the crank case by the downward movements of the two` pistons, to flow into the working cylinder and drive out the spent gases. Fig. 2 is a similar view with the pump piston at the upper limit of its movement, and the working piston moving upwardly and compressing afresh charge of explosive mixture which has been forced above it by thempward movement of the pump piston. When the pump piston is in this position, the port for the entrance of the scavenging air 1nto the crank case is open. Fig. 3 is a like view with the working piston partly down and just before the exhaust port and the scavenging air passa-ge are opened. In this view the pump piston is shown at the lower limit of its movement, in which' position the mixture port is opened for the infiow of a fresh charge tothe topof the pump cylinder, and the scavenging air passage is also opened so that after some further downward movement of the working piston air, which is already under some compression, will be driven'from the crank case into the working cylinder above the piston.

The working cylinder, 1, is made of the usual material and of the desired dimensions. The cylinder shown is provided with an ordinary water jacket 2 and a spark plug 3 is placed in an opening at the top. On one side of the workingv cylinder is the pump cylinder 4. rhis cylinder is shown as considerably smaller than the working cylinder, but it may have any -desired di- Secured to the bottom so as to tightly inclose the lower ends of the working and pump cylinders,.is the crank case 5. The exhaust port 6 opens from one side of the working cylinder approximately at about the middle of its length. In the side of the pump cylinder isa gas port 7 which is designed to be connected with the carbureter or vaporizer which supplies the live explosive mixture of gas and air. Below,

the gas port is an air port 8 for the admission of thescavenging air. Leading fromI the top of the pump cylinder to the working cylinder is a passage 9. In this passage 1s a spring closed check valve 10. Leading from.

crank case. This crank is Connected by therod 18 with the pump piston 19 which has anl opening 20 through one side near its head. A gear 21 keyed to the main shaft' meshes with a gear 22 keyed .to the pump shaft. These parts are desirably so timed that the pump piston crank is a fewdegrees in advance of the working piston crank.

The main crank Agives the working piston such a stroke, and that piston is of such length, that when the piston is way down, the exhaust port and the scavenging air passage from the pump cylinder are fully open, and when this piston is way up, the exhaust port and this air passage are closed. The pump piston is of such length and has such a stroke that when it is way-down, the gas port is open, and'the air passage -from the pump cylinder is open through lthe hole in the side of the pump piston, and when the pump piston is way up, this air passage is closed and the scavenging air port is open. When a charge is exploded the working piston is near the. top of its cylinderyand the gas inlet passage, the air inlet passage,

and the exhaustport are shut oii'. At this time, the pump piston is up'but is 'on its' way down with the scavenging airport open. As the working piston is driven down, and the pump piston moves down in advance of it, the scavenging air port is closedand then all of the air below the pistons and in the crank case is subjectedto more or less compression until the working piston uncovers the exhaust port and the scavenging air passage, allowing .the"c'om pressed scavenging air in the crank case to flow into the working cylinder and drive the spent gases out through the exhaust port. When' the pump piston isway down, the gas port is uncovered, allowing mixture to flow into the partially exhausted pump cylinder above the piston. As the pump piston moves upwardly, it cuts oi the gas port, and after the working cylinder has been scavenged, forces the charge past the check valve and into the working cylinder. During this time of course the working piston is coming up and compressing the charge which is thus forced in by the pump piston.

In this engne the pump piston acts to cause compression of fresh air in the crank case and then allows that air to flow into the working cylinder for the purpose of driving out the spent gases. The pump piston also draws in fresh mixture and forces that gas into the working cylinder,- thereby always injecting thc same full charge, none of" which escapes through the exhaust, and

which is not weakened by spent gases, nor is liable to be exploded prematurely by incandescent carbon in the cylinder.

The invention claimed is:

1. An internal combustion engine having a'cylinder with a working piston, a crank shaft and crank connected with said working piston, a cylinder with a pump piston', a crank shaft and crank connected with said Vpump piston, a crank case containing the cranks, gearing connecting said crank shafts, a gas port to the upper ena or' the pump cylinder, a gas passage from the up-y per end of the pump cylinder to the working cylinder, a valve controlling said passage, an air port to the lower end of the pump cylinder, and an air passage from the lower end of the pump cylinder to the working cylinder, said ports being so located that the pump piston acts as a valvefor controlling the infiow of gas and air through said ports, said pump pistonhaving an opening in one side and being of such length and so coacting with said ports and passages that during its upward movement it forces gas through the gas passage into thev working cylinder, and during its downward movement it compresses air in the crank case and then permits said compressed air to flow through its opening to the vair passage into the working cylinder.

2. An internal 4combustion engine having a working cylinder, a working piston Inovable in the working cylinder, a crank and' crank shaft connected with the working pisfor reciprocating the pump piston, a crank case containing the cranks, gearing connecting the crank shafts, with a gas port and an air port opening through one side of the pump cylinder to opposite sides of the pump piston,and a gas passage and an air passage leading from the pump cylinder on opposite sites of the pump working cylinder, said gas port and air port being so located with relation to each other, and saidl pump piston being of such length and having such movement that the pump piston acts as a valve for said ports, opening said gas port and closingsaid air port o-n its downward movement, and opening said air port and closing said gas port on its upward movement.

3. An internal combustion engine 4having a working cylinder, a piston movable therein, a crank and crank shaft connected with piston to the 4. An internal combustion engine having a working cylinder, a piston movable therein,.a crank and crank shaft connected with the working piston, a pump cylinder, a pump piston movable in the pump cylinder, a crank and crank shaft for reciprocating the pump piston, a crank case containing the cranks, a gear on the working piston crank shaft, an intermeshing gear on the pump piston crank shaft, said gears so engaging that the pump crank moves a few degrees in advance of the working crank,

said pump cylinder having a gas intake port and an air intake port through one side to ,opposite sides of the pump piston, and being connected with the working cylinder by two passages which lead from opposite sides of the pump piston to the explosion side of the Working piston, and said pump .piston being arranged to move across and to open and close said gas and air intake ports durmg its reciprocation.

5. An internal combustion engine having a working cylinder and a piston therein, a pump cylinder parallel therewith and containing a piston, connecting means whereby the pistons reciprocate synchronously, sa'id cylinders being connected by two passages that communicate with the pump cylinder respectively on opposite sides of the piston therein, said pump cylinder having a gas port and an air port which are opened and closed by the movements of the pump piston, said ports to the pump cylinder and passages from the pump cylinder to the working cylinder being so located with relation to each other and to the movements of the pump piston that gas is drawn into the pump cylinder through the gas port as a result of the downward movement, and is forced from the pump cylinder through one of said passages into the working cylinder as a result of the upward movement of the pump piston, and air is drawn into the pump cylinder through the air port as a result of the upward movement, and is compressed as a result of the downward movement of the pump piston and then permitted to l`pass through the other of said passages into the working cylinder.

6. An internal combustion engine having a working cylinder, a piston movable therein, a pump cylinder and a hollow piston a gas passage which lead from opposite sides of the pump piston to the explosion side-of the working piston., said pump piston opening and closing` said ports during its movements, and havin a port through one side near its head, which port when the piston is in its lowest. position communicates with the air passage between the pump cylinder and the working cylinder.

7. An internal combustion engine having a working cylinder, la piston movable therein, a piston rod and crank connected with the working piston, a pump cylinder and a pump piston movable in the pump cylinder, a piston rod and crank connected with the pump piston, gearing connecting said cranks, said cylinders being arranged parallel side by side and connected by two passages that lead from the pump cylinder respectively above and below the pump piston int-o the working cylinder above the piston therein, and a comm'on crank case closing the lower ends of said cylinders, said pump cylinder having a gas intake port and air intake port so located vwith relation to each other and with relation to the movement of the pump piston, that the pump piston moves across and opens and closes said ports and the lower of said passages in such manner as to admit gas above it and compress air below it during its downward movement, and force gas from the pump cylinder through the upper of said passages to the working cylinder and permit compressed air to flow from the pump cylinder through the lower of said passages to the working cylinder and then admit air through the air portto the pump cylinder during its upward movement.

8. An internal combustion engine having a working cylinder, a piston movable therein, a pump cylinder, a pump piston movable in the pump cylinder, cranks connected with the pistons, gearing connecting the cranks, a crank case containing the cranks, said pump cylinder having a gas port and an air intake porton respectively opposite sides of the pump piston, said cylinder being connected with the working cylinder by two passages that lead from respectively above and below the vpump piston, the air and gas ports and the lower of said passages being opened and closedl by the pump piston, and said ports being so located with relation to each other and to the passages that when the pist-ons. move downwardly they cause a compression ot air, admitted through the air port, in the pistons, intermeshing l gears connecting the shafts, gas intake and air intake ports opening into the pump cylinder on respectively opposite sides of the pump piston, a gas passage and an air passage leading from l the pump cylinder on respectively opposite sides of the pump piston to the working cylindei and an exhaustport from the lat.

ter cylinder, said ports and passages being sol arranged, and the said gearing being so timed that air is compressed in the crank case by the downward movement ofthe two pistons, and the compressed air is admitted to and with the gas is compressed in the working cylinder during theyupward movement .of the two pistons.

10. In an internal combustion engine, a working cylinder and a piston therein, a pumping cylinder anda piston therein, a crank case connected with the cylinders, means. for reciprocating the pistons synhronously, a port controlled by the pumping piston for admitting gas into the upper end .of the pumping-cylinder, a port -for admitting air into the .crank case, a gas passage leading from the upper end of the* pumping cylinder to the working cylinder, a valve in said passage, and an air passage controlled by the pumping piston leading from the lower end of the pumping cylin-` der to the working cylinder. v 11. In an internal combustion engine, a

working cylinder and a piston therein, a.

` end of the pumping cylinder, a port for admitting air into the crank case, a gas passage leading from the upper end of the pumping cylinder to the working cylinder,

a valve 1n said passage, and an air passage leading from the lower. end of the pumping cylinder to the working cylinder, said pumping piston being provided wit-h a passage therethrough adapted to connect the crank case with said air passagein one position of the pumping piston.

JOHN J. MGINTYRE.

Witnesses:

JosEPHINE M. STREMPFER, H. R. WILLIAMS. 

